According to the study, paper straws contain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which are long-lasting and potentially destructive to human health with too much exposure. These chemicals were found in the majority of paper and bamboo straws the scientists tested.
Dr. Thimo Groffen, from the University of Antwerp, said, “Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic.”
“However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that’s not necessarily true.”
The team looked at 39 different straw brands made out of five materials: paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel, and plastic.
Out of all straws studied, "PFAS were found to be present in almost all types of straws, but primarily in those made from plant-based materials." The study team concluded that stainless steel straws, which are reusable and do not contain PFAS, were the most sustainable.
The conclusion of the study adds that straws made from plant-based materials "are not necessarily a more sustainable alternative to plastic straws, because they can be considered as an additional source of PFAS exposure in humans and the environment."
PFAS are used to produce water-resistant products such as in food packaging, water-resistant fabrics, and have limited use in cookware. Prolonged exposure to the chemicals has become associated with high blood pressure in pregnant women, increased risk for kidney cancer, and changes in liver enzymes.
In recent years, several US states have placed various levels of bans on plastic straws and have instead encouraged paper straw products to be used. These include California, New York, Washington DC, and Colorado.
The calls for the bans stemmed from fears that the straws would end up in the ocean and harm wildlife such as sea turtles and started with businesses such as Starbucks.
It is unclear yet if government policies will be implemented or reversed with the new information provided by the study.
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